2013년 12월 4일 수요일

About 'florida state university economics'|Mixed Feelings about the Kochs and Florida State University







About 'florida state university economics'|Mixed Feelings about the Kochs and Florida State University








               Literacy               levels               in               the               Florida               Public               School               Systems               are               not               as               high               as               the               state               would               like               them               to               be.

After               many               initiatives               and               various               methods               to               try               and               improve               the               literacy               rate,               77%               of               Florida's               4th               graders               are               still               are               reading               below               proficiency               (Youth).

The               North               East               Florida               Educational               Consortium               (NEFEC)               is               currently               running               an               initiative               that               they               created               in               2001,               to               try               and               overcome               this               literacy               deficiency.

In               fact,               their               goal               is               100%               literacy               in               the               school               system.



               The               educational               value               of               literacy               is               one               that               is               exponential.

Not               only               is               the               skill               one               necessary               to               the               very               success               of               student               learning,               but               it               also               is               a               skill               that               carries               much               weight               in               future               citizenship               for               students               entering               society               after               school               is               completed.

Studies               show               that               persons               with               low               literacy               skills               are               prone               to               unemployment               or               part-time               jobs               alone,               and               that               training               for               said               persons               (to               help               them               obtain               better               working               skills               due               both               directly               and               indirectly               due               to               their               illiteracy)               can               be               very               expensive               when               they               do               enter               the               work               place.

Studies               also               indicate               that               persons               not               proficient               in               literacy               are               extremely               more               likely               than               their               counterparts               to               participate               in               costly               programs               to               help               assist               them               with               everyday               living               requirements,               such               as               food               stamps               or               medical               assistance               programs               (Literacy).The               costs               associated               with               illiteracy               or               low               literacy               is               no               laughing               matter,               with               $225               billion               a               year               spent               from               the               American               economy               on               lost               productivity               in               direct               correlation               with               these               issues               (Literacy).

All               of               these               are               underlying               symptoms               that               motivate               and               push               leaders               to               form               such               literacy               initiatives               as               the               one               being               discussed.



               Another               underlying               motivator               for               the               initiative               is               the               Florida               Comprehensive               Assessment               Test               (FCAT).

This               is               an               annual               standardized               test               that               is               given               in               grades               3-11               in               the               Florida               public               school               system               to               assess               reading,               mathematics,               science,               and               writing               ability.

The               results               of               the               test               are               in               direct               correlation               with               a               letter               grade               that               each               school               is               given               based               on               their               purported               standards               of               achievement.

Schools               receiving               higher               letter               grades               receive               higher               funding               than               do               their               counterparts               with               a               lesser               grade.

Scores               are               based               on               previous               performance               ratings               and               test               scores               within               individual               schools               (Comprehensive).

Schools               wish               not               only               to               be               able               to               assist               students               to               achieve               literacy               for               their               own               satisfaction,               student               progression,               and               students               becoming               reliable               citizens               in               their               futures               within               their               communities,               but               they               also               wish               to               receive               the               highest               amount               of               funding               available               to               their               schools.

Higher               literacy               scores               are               a               great               way               to               achieve               this               within               the               Florida               public               school               system.

The               problem               is               that               FCAT               is               not               really               taking               schools               in               the               direction               of               literacy               that               they               wanted               to               go,               so               more               focus               is               being               put               on               trying               to               improve               that               than               in               other               initiatives               at               hand               (Education).



               NEFEC               has               created               an               initiative               to               help               counteract               the               throes               of               illiteracy,               pushing               for               a               program               that               is               in               place               to               achieve               complete               literacy               within               the               school               system.

In               2001,               the               plan               was               put               together               with               the               intent               of               creating               a               school-wide               reform               based               on               previous               critical               research.

It               defies               the               previous               attempts               of               teaching               literacy               by               creating               an               entirely               new               curriculum               and               approach               and               focuses               very               much               on               professional               development               and               community               support               (Florida).

At               inception               there               were               thirteen               schools               in               the               northeastern               part               of               Florida               who               were               members.

With               the               success               and               hopes               of               future               success               the               plan               was               generating,               twenty-seven               additional               NEFEC               schools               joined               during               the               second               year               (Florida).



               The               K-12               initiative               is               one               that               turns               accountability               and               leadership               regarding               literacy               over               to               the               teachers,               realizing               that               these               are               the               people               who               have               the               power               to               instill               knowledge               in               the               children,               as               they               are               the               ones               working               with               them               on               a               day-to-day               basis.

Skills               and               training               are               given               extensively               to               the               teachers               to               ensure               they               are               equipped               with               the               best               possible               tools               to               obtain               the               goal               of               teaching               one               hundred               percent               literacy               to               their               students.

A               two-week               summer               reading               academy               is               given               for               the               faculty               that               focuses               on               research-based               material               regarding               how               to               effectively               teach               literacy               and               curriculum               requirements               are               discussed               regularly               throughout.

Faculty               meetings               are               abundant               during               this               time,               and               85%               of               the               staff               of               participating               schools               is               mandated               to               attend               (Florida).

The               areas               of               phonics,               connections               between               reading               and               writing,               development               of               language,               assessment               of               which               students               are               in               most               need,               and               intervention               techniques               to               best               assist               those               students               identified               as               needy               are               discussed               in               depth               (Florida).



               If               schools               wish               to               try               and               become               a               part               of               the               initiative,               the               principal               or               a               member               of               district               level               staff               must               attend               the               annual               information               orientation.

If               after               attending               they               wish               to               be               one               of               the               schools               chosen               to               participate,               they               must               fill               out               an               application               and               meet               the               specific               criteria,               which               is               as               follows:               "85%               of               the               faculty               must               agree               to               attend               the               two               week               summer               academy,               the               principal               must               attend               the               academy,               the               school               must               commit               to               hiring               a               reading               coach,               a               commitment               to               monthly               meetings               must               be               made,               and               documents               of               previous               school               reforms               must               be               submitted.

Currently               there               are               over               60               schools               in               17               districts               admitted               in               Florida               and               7-10               schools               are               selected               as               additions               to               the               initiative               each               year.



               Follow-up,               assessment,               and               evaluation               of               the               initiative               are               on-going,               as               is               professional               development.

Teachers               are               taught               tools               to               effectively               gauge               student               performance               and               progress               and               this               is               done               and               discussed               frequently               throughout               intermittent               staff               meetings.

Because               this               initiative               requires               the               support               of               all               school               members,               including               the               principal,               every               level               of               staff/management               are               kept               apprise               of               the               situations               at               hand               on               a               regular               basis               and               ideas               for               improvement,               based               on               the               newfound               training               skills               are               discusses               and               reiterated               to               help               keep               everyone               on               track.

The               purpose               of               such               instances               is               to               garner               support               from               all               involved               and               provide               a               network               for               assistance               and               additional               support               for               those               involved               in               the               teaching               process.

Monthly               meetings               are               also               held               for               designated               reading               coaches               to               further               enhance               the               support               networking               that               occurs               in               this               initiative.



               Not               only               are               specific               students               discussed               during               these               meeting,               but               also               the               process               of               assessment               and               diagnosis               are               continuously               researched               and               discussed               to               monitor               what               is               being               done,               how               it               is               being               received               as               far               as               literacy               goes,               and               what               still               needs               to               be               done               to               achieve               the               initiative's               ultimate               goal               (Florida).

Coaches               are               given               the               responsibility               of               working               with               designated               students               who               require               assistance               and               for               providing               pedagogical               models               for               the               teachers               to               work               from               (State).



               Evaluation               of               both               "qualitative               and               quantitative               data,"               (Florida)               are               done               on               a               regular               basis               by               an               outside,               third-party               professional               evaluator.

Instruction               techniques               and               the               value               of               the               supporting               networks               are               assessed               regularly               and               feedback               is               ultimately               given               to               the               staff               so               as               they               can               execute               any               changes               that               need               be               done               in               a               timely               manner               to               better               assist               the               students.

There               are               also               annual               outside               evaluations               being               done               to               assess               the               overall               effectiveness               and               progress               of               the               initiative               goals               and               to               assess               the               role               of               effectiveness               the               teachers               are               having               in               it               (Florida).

The               program               also               incorporates               a               stipulation               into               this               five-year               program               that               recognizes               changes               will               take               place               over               the               course               of               time               and               allows               for               components               of               change               that               will               be               necessary               in               light               of               new               and               revised               state               standards               (State).



               Funding               for               the               initiative               is               given               in               part               by               legislature,               so               cost               is               very               minimal               to               the               schools               who               are               responsible               only               for               travel               fees,               student               assessments,               and               salaries               for               reading               coaches               in               each               school               (Florida).

Various               outside               businesses               are               used               for               the               remaining               funding               needs               of               the               initiative.

When               the               program               began               in               2001,               $47,296               was               set               aside               by               the               Florida               legislature               for               the               program,               and               an               additional               $237,000               was               given               by               area               businesses               and               private               support               (State).

There               are               also               many               events               that               are               put               on,               such               as               golf               tournaments               and               paper               drives               (NEFEC)               to               help               aid               in               funding.

Outside               funding               is               recognized               by               the               NEFEC               and               awards               of               appreciation               are               given               on               an               annual               basis               (Florida).



               The               values               and               assumptions               that               shape               this               initiative               are               that               old               methods               and               standards               of               teaching               literacy               are               irrelevant               and               severely               outdated.

New               ways               of               teaching               are               thought               needed               to               increase               literacy               because               previous               statistics               indicate               that               the               current               process               just               is               not               doing               an               effective               job.

Research               also               shows               that               teacher               support               is               not               as               prevalent               as               need               be               to               carry               forth               such               plans,               so               it               is               assumed               that               creating               a               program               that               generates               and               requires               full               teacher               support               must               be               put               into               place.

The               value               and               assumption               is               in               place               that               every               teacher               wishes               to               make               a               positive               change               in               a               child's               life               and               this               is               a               driving               force               in               generating               the               support               needed               from               them               to               help               make               the               difference               (Florida).

Responsibility               changes               hands               from               the               traditional               board               and               administration               and               is               given               to               the               teachers,               therefore               accountability               for               teaching,               communication               networks,               and               results               are               put               on               teachers               like               never               they               have               been               before,               and               teachers               are               clearly               living               up               to               these               expectations               as               we               see               an               increase               in               literacy               levels               in               south               Florida               are               on               a               slow               but               steady               incline               (Herrington,               53).



               The               theory               of               the               initiative               is               that               with               complete               cooperation,               complete               internal               support               and               abundant               outside               support,               networking,               curriculum               change,               professional               development,               proper               training               at               all               levels,               community               support,               ongoing               assessment               and               continuous               evaluation,               changes               can               be               made               that               will               spawn               a               literacy               level               of               one               hundred               percent               from               the               current               and               future               student               bodies               within               the               public               school               system               in               the               state               of               Florida.

The               causal               proposition               is,               that               by               changing               the               way               teachers               teach               literacy,               and               giving               them               the               training               and               skills               required               to               do               so               will               raise               the               literacy               rate               within               the               schools.



               The               initiative               is               a               good               one,               with               many               fine               points               and               aspects,               but               it               does               seem               to               overlook               three               very               important               facts               for               proper               implementation.

One,               it               does               not,               anywhere               in               it,               consider               the               actions               and               reactions               of               the               students               themselves.

Having               the               support               of               the               staff,               administration,               and               community               is               imperative               to               success,               but               if               the               methods               being               taught               are               not               ones               that               students               are,               in               reality,               able               to,               or               want               to,               respond               to               it               will               create               large               obstacles               in               obtaining               any               kind               of               success               for               the               initiative.

Also               a               must               to               be               taken               into               consideration,               is               do               all               of               the               students               truly               have               the               ability               to               learn               what               is               being               taught               so               that               the               goal               of               one               hundred               percent               literacy               can               be               obtained.

Because               not               all               children               learn               the               same,               it               may               very               well               be               safe               to               say               that               the               goal               is               absurdly               unobtainable.



               The               second               area               overlooked               is               time.

Although               the               plan               is               purported               to               be               on               a               five-year               schedule,               allowing               for               changes               as               needed               required               by               state               statutes               and               changes,               schools               are               still               graded               on               an               annual               basis               in               regards               to               their               FCAT               scores,               which               measures,               in               part,               student               literacy.

Without               immediate               improvement,               state               funding               will               not               increase               for               the               schools               (considering               the               grade               of               the               school               does               not               increase)               which               may               create               situations               where               teacher               retention               or               morale               is               low,               and               if               either               occurs,               the               attitudes               towards               training               and               the               FRI               may               be               lower               or               non-existent               as               teachers               consider               leaving               or               are               new               ones               are               coming               in.

It               could,               in               part,               create               a               cyclical               effect               that               would               be               a               detriment               to               the               overall               plan               of               the               initiative.

Another               consideration               along               these               lines               is               that               teachers               are               so               busy               with               the               FCAT               benchmarks               in               south               Florida               that               taking               so               much               time               out               to               focus               on               reading               initiatives,               while               very               worthwhile,               may               truly               not               be               as               viable               of               an               option               as               one               would               like               it               to               be.



               The               third               area               possibly               overlooked               could               be               wherein               the               outside               evaluation               is               stressed               so               readily.

Yes,               outside,               third-party               evaluation               seems               like               a               tremendously               good               idea,               and               perhaps               it               is,               but               there               is               an               alternate               side               where               it               could               prove               to               disrupt               the               plan               if               the               interests               and               expectations               of               the               evaluator               are               not               on               the               same               level               and               have               the               same               intent               as               does               the               implementer.

The               evaluator               has               quite               a               potent               amount               of               power               in               FRI:               Care               must               be               taken               to               ensure               that               outside               interests               and               agendas               do               not               come               into               play               from               them,               either               intentionally               or               inadvertently,               that               could               alter               or               fragment               the               plan               at               hand.



               The               intended               consequences               that               occurred               are               that               teachers'               attitudes               towards               teaching               are               infectiously               upbeat               and               they               emerge               from               the               two-week               summer               academy               with               renewed               vigor               for               their               job               and               the               differences               they               can               make               in               it.

Also               the               initiative               does               get               all               members               of               the               participating               schools               and               subsequent               communities               involved               akin               to               the               same               goal:               a               goal               which               throughout               educational               history               has               always               proven               to               be               a               challenge.

The               unintended               consequence               by               far               is               that               the               initiative               has               had               some               success               and               thus               spawned               alike               initiatives               at               a               government               level,               most               notably               Governor               Jeb               Bush's               "Just               Read"               initiative               which               is               very               similar               to               this               one,               with               the               same               concepts               and               support               systems               in               place,               only               on               a               much               larger               scale               (8,000               teachers               are               enrolled,               500               reading               coaches               are               paid               for               in               full,               and               $300               million               in               funds               is               awarded               for               implementation,               including               $52               million               budgeted               for               professional               development               alone)               with               the               ultimate               goal               of               having               100%               of               the               Florida               student               body               able               to               read               at               one               grade-level               higher               than               they               are               enrolled               in,               by               the               year               2012               (Just).



               Multiple               testing               and               assessment               in               the               state               of               Florida               does               undeniably               show               that               something               must               be               done               to               increase               the               literacy               level               of               the               K-12               population.

Fortunately               almost               all               are               in               agreement               with               this,               for               so               many               different               reasons,               that               funding               to               do               so               is               readily               abundant,               as               is               other               support,               both               internally               and               externally.

While               many               initiatives               have               proven               lacking,               the               great               thing               that               FRI               has               going               for               it               is               that               it               is               research-based.

Past               foibles               and               shortcomings               have               been               researched               over               and               over               again               to               help               find               the               answers               as               to               what               really               is               needed               to               promote               literacy.

FRI               is               coming               in               prepared               with               knowledge               of               times               past               and               motivation,               skills,               training,               and               research               for               improving               the               future.

The               numbers               of               schools               wishing               to               join               the               initiative               are               plentiful,               and               that               alone               speaks               accolades               aplenty               for               the               program.

With               continued               support               and               internal               drive,               motivation,               and               skilled               teaching,               not               to               mention               alike               programs               such               as               Bush's               "Just               Read"               initiative               that               compliments               and               fosters               such               an               initiative,               this               program               should               go               far.

And               while               the               program               may               not               meet               its               overall               goal               of               100%               literacy,               it               surely               will               increase               the               numbers               of               literate               students               graduating,               as               we               are               witnessing,               and               that               alone               is               worth               its               weight               in               gold.

FRI               is               providing               a               valuable               community               service               and               an               invaluable               resource               to               the               many               of               the               students               who               are               benefiting               from               it.



               

               

               "Comprehensive               Assessment               Test,               Florida."               Wikimedia               Encyclopedia.Retrieved               August               

               9,               2005               from               http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCAT               

               "Education               Policy               Analysis               Archives."               (2004).

Edited               by               Glass,               Gene.

College               of               

               Education.

ArizonaStateUniversity.A               peer-reviewed               scholarly               journal.

Retrieved               

               August               6,               2005               from               http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v12n39/v12n39.pdf               

               "FCAT.

Florida's               Comprehensive               Assessment               Test."               (2005).

Retrieved               August               6,               2005               

               From               http://www.firn.edu/doe/sas/fcat.htm               

               "Florida               Reading               Initiative."               (2005).

Retrieved               August               6,               2005               from               

               http://www.nefec.org/fri/               

               Glass,               Gene.

College               of               Education.

ArizonaStateUniversity.(2002).

A               peer-reviewed               

               scholarly               journal.

A               peer-reviewed               scholarly               journal.

Retrieved               August               7,               2005               from               
               http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v10n40.html               

               Herrington,               Caroline               and               Casten,               Katherine.

"Educational               Policy               Alternatives."               

               Learning               Systems               Institute.

Florida               StateUniversity.(2001).

Retrieved               August               1,               2005               from               http://www.unf.edu/dept/fie/downloads/florida2001book.pdf               

               "Just               Read."               Your               Florida               Department               of               Education.(2005).

Retrieved               August               7,               2005               

               from               http://www.justreadflorida.com/               

               "Literacy               and               Economics."               (2002).

Retrieved               August               7,               2005               from               

               http://www.floridaliteracy.org/2004/pdf-docs/literacy_and_economics.pdf               

               "State               Literacy               Programs."               (2002)               Retrieved               August               6,               2005               from               http://www.ecs.org/dbsearches/Search_Info/Literacy_ProgramProfile.asp?ProgID=4               

               "Youth               Education               in               Florida."               (2003).

Retrieved               August               7,               2005               from               

               http://www.floridaliteracy.org/2004/pdf-docs/youth_education_in_florida.pdf






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